Oral Sphere
Journal of Dental and Health Sciences
Journal of Dental and Health Sciences
Received: 2024-10-09
Accepted: 2024-12-06
Published: 2025-01-01
Pages: 35-40
Introduction: Gingival overgrowth, often referred to as gingival hyperplasia, is generally linked to a set of drugs particularly among antiepileptics such as phenytoin and sodium valproate. Gingival hyperplasia causes an excessive formation of gingival tissue that may affect oral hygiene and aesthetics or gross quality of life. Even though these drugs are very effective in the treatment of epilepsy, this complication of gingival enlargement is quite common, and such patients require special care.
Methodology: A 21-year-old female on sodium valproate for epilepsy developed gingival enlargement. On clinical examination, there was significant overgrowth in the anterior gingival area, which was associated with inflammation, bleeding, and halitosis. Enhanced oral hygiene measures, chlorhexidine mouthwash, and a short course of antibiotics would be the first line of treatment. Surgical excision of the hypertrophic gingival tissue was performed and histopathological examination was conducted on the excised tissue to confirm the diagnosis and assess cellular alterations.
Discussion: Drug-induced gingival enlargement is one of the well-documented side effects associated with the antiepileptic drugs. The pathogenesis of the drug-induced gingival enlargement is proposed to be a result of drug interaction with gingival fibroblasts, leading to the proliferation of connective tissue and inflammatory reactions. Besides, the contribution of bad oral hygiene supports the assertion that preventive care does greatly contribute to the management of DIGO. The case supports the concept in which both conservative and surgical intervention must be used for severe cases where withdrawal of the causal drug may not be possible.
Conclusion: This case has serious implications in that it emphasizes the importance of a multi- disciplinary approach to drug-induced gingival overgrowth. Regular dental monitoring, enhanced oral hygiene practices, and, when needed, surgical interventions form a significant part in checking the side effects of antiepileptic drugs. All-round management, encompassing not only the medical advantage of keeping epilepsy under control but also oral health needs, goes a long way in optimizing the quality of life of the affected patients.
Keywords: Antiepileptic drugs, Gingival enlargement, Oral hygiene, Phenytoin, Sodium valproate.
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